The Quad (or ATV—all terrain vehicle) was created as a more stable 4 wheel version of the original ATC (All-terrain cycle) or trike three-wheeler. It is a bike-type off-road machine that has been used primarily in off-road dirt-type racing. It has also been used in oval dirt and in paved track racing and fits, despite its handle bar controls and saddle seat, the definition a small race car.
Quads are characterized today by a tube frame chassis, mid-engine and rear or four wheel drive. They utilize treaded, knobby, and even slick type tires mounted to an independent front and swingarm solid-axle rear suspension (usually). For off-road racing, the suspension is long-travel to enables the vehicle to travel over very rough terrain and jumps. For oval or pavement type racing the suspension has less travel and the chassis is lowered.
Racing events are held on desert, wooded, and other natural terrain as well as dirt ovals and paved tracks. Racing is held in many parts of the world.
Quad/ATV Contents
Numerous models of Quad are built by the manufacturers Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki, Yamaha, Arctic Cat among others.
Building a quad can be approached in two ways: Customizing an existing model of Quad or building a brand new design from scratch.
If you opt to customize an existing quad through aftermarket components, it is recommended you have a good working knowledge of handling, chassis, suspension, and powertrain. Being able to understand the effects of modifications will enable you to choose the areas and components that provide the results you are looking for.
If you want to build a new quad design, then scratch-building will be the approach to take. You should be knowledgeable in handling, chassis, suspension, powertrain, and aerodynamic design. These five major areas of the quad design work as an integrated unit and the designer must have an understanding of how changes to one area affect the others. Design work is iterative, meaning re-designing areas based on new changes to another area. After the iterations are completed, the design will be complete and optimized.
Because of the varied environments where Quads can operate, knowledge of the terrain is important to ensure the vehicle will handle the demands of the surface and speed.
Suspension: Maximizing the contact patch of the tires with good suspension geometry is of key importance. Because of the long suspension travel there can be significant camber change. Some camber may be of benefit in cornering, but excessive camber will likely mean less traction.
Suspension, wheel and tire weights (Unsprung weight) affect the compliance of the suspension, which in turn affects handling, so keeping all these components as light as possible is an advantage. Springs and dampers (shock absorber) must be matched to the forces you expect the suspension to handle.
The suspension pickup point locations impact the chassis design.
Chassis: Providing openings to make internal components accessible for maintenance is important. If scratch-building the engine fit and mounts should be considered after determining the suspension/handling goals. Iterations may be required to match handling goals and engine positioning.
Powertrain: Weight distribution is heavily impacted by engine position. Intake, Cooling and exhaust need to be considered in relation to chassis design, bodywork and aerodynamics.
Aerodynamic: Unless raced at speeds above 60 mph, the aerodynamic effects will likely be secondary to handling and driving.
Safety: Consideration should be given to scenarios the Quad may encounter (ie. Roll-over, collision, etc) and protection added where the risk is sufficient.
If you intend to race under a sanctioning body, always read and understand the regulations of your chosen racing class before designing or building any race vehicle.
Learn the basics about race cars and race car design from our free online knowledge series
Download our free race car design aids to assist you designing your race vehicle.
In-depth books and learning resources we recommend for Quad/ATV design.
Join our forum to ask and find answers to your Quad/ATV design/construction questions.
If you are customizing an existing quad, the project will primarily involve replacement of stock parts.
If you are building from scratch, then ensuring the chassis is dimensionally accurate and straight is important as flaws in the structure will create handling issues via misaligned suspension.
The use of a solid, flat and level build space is important. Jigs are often used in this case to ensure that structural tubing stays in alignment during welding/brazing.
The builder should have solid joining and metal working knowledge and skills when fabricating the chassis/rollcage/suspension. While mild steel (1018/1020) is very forgiving, some metals are best welded using a specific method (mig/tig) and some require heat treatments before and following welding to restore their toughness and strength.
Having sufficient space for the chassis and body panel construction is important, as a cramped workshop can be difficult to work in. However, in the case of a quad, a small garage will likely suffice.
The tools to fabricate the chassis and bodywork can add considerably to the cost of your project if you don't already have a workshop, but borrowing or renting items is also an option.
Many components for customizing a stock Quad/ATV can be sourced from existing Quad/ATV manufacturers or the aftermarket.
Depending on how many modifications are made, the costs can reach the equivalent of the original Quad price or higher.
If you are constructing from scratch, the variety of available options becomes huge. You can pick and choose the ideal suspension and engine components from any manufacturer. Your job is then to integrate these components into a cohesive package.
If the Quad/ATV is to be used in racing, there will likely be a high standard of quality required. The costs may be significantly more than for someone who wants to zip around their back yard. Costs for a race quality machine usually include higher quality suspension, engine and safety components.
If you are customizing from a base quad, the effort will be around stock component upgrades. The time and effort depends on the complexity of the changes, but many upgrades can be weekend projects.
If you are scratch-building there will be significant effort in design and construction.
There is however, an equally great satisfaction and sense of accomplishment at being one of the few people in the world who have built their own quad from the ground up!
Consumable costs depend on the seriousness of the racing—Tires probably form the single largest consumable expense along with engine rebuilds and suspension part replacements. A dirty or gritty working environment will usually translate into parts wearing out sooner.
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The 21st century can be safely called office.
Especially the last 5 years. More and more remote work appears, more and more specialties related to the IT sphere appear. And this means that people need not only more pants to wipe them on the office chair, but also more active forms of recreation, so as not to grow roots in the floor of the office or their own home. One of the most actively gaining popularity types of recreation is quad biking. It is good because it will suit absolutely everyone: both lovers of easy walks in the forest or the coast, and those who crave thrills in impenetrable mountains, deserted fields and swamps. nine0003
If this is going to be your first ATV, then you can start with simple budget models, since you still won’t feel the difference now. And in order to spend a minimum of time on the purchase, keep five important tips for buying a quadric without a headache.
This is important to decide well before buying. If you have decided to ride this frisky iron pony for the first time, then it is preferable to opt for a new model.
First, the dealer always gives a guarantee. This will save you from problems in the event of a breakdown - you just drive the ATV to the service and experienced specialists will fix all the problems.
Secondly, an inexperienced quad rider will not be able to identify serious flaws or recognize technique after drowning. Water is not the best companion for any transport and, in most cases, it is necessary to change the engine or transmission, and this is exactly half the price of the entire “pony”.
Thirdly, when you ride a certain amount of time and understand what you lack in a quadric and decide to buy a more powerful or comfortable one, it will be much easier to sell your predecessor. Equipment that had only one owner flies under the hammer much faster than the one that was in the hands of two or three people.
ATV . Single / double without a cab with a motorcycle landing (the passenger sits behind the driver) and a “bicycle” steering wheel.
Such vehicles have a shorter wheelbase, which means better geometric cross-country ability and compact size. This makes the ATV more maneuverable, resistant to rollover. In addition, due to the mass of no more than 450 kg, it falls into the mud less. nine0003
SSV . Two- / four-seater with a cabin similar to a car. Inside: there are seats, a round steering wheel, a wide dashboard. The long wheelbase of such all-terrain vehicles increases stability and controllability at high speeds, the load capacity is much higher - up to 400 kg. But such quads will not be so maneuverable and are more like a full-fledged off-road car.
The choice depends on your goal: whether it will be solo “rides” or whether you are ready to take passengers on board for joint entertainment. nine0003
It is obvious that the leaders in the production of equipment are the Japanese. Brilliant Asians have thought through and invented literally everything.
Moreover, it also works great! Therefore, we recommend that you look at Yamaha, Honda. These are reliable and durable ATVs that are not scary to buy even with hands. Used options can be easily chosen among the options of 2002-2007 release years.
Canadian BRP technology has become very popular in recent years. Over the 70 years of their existence, they have learned to make vehicles equipped with literally everything. And each new model is becoming more and more perfect vehicle, capable of surviving in literally any conditions. nine0003
American Polaris is also a quality, hard-working brand. The engines have high traction performance and a degree of safety.
In recent years, many Chinese manufacturers have appeared on the market, attracting with their price. Despite the fact that China is advancing and improving quite quickly in the production of any goods, nevertheless, it is still inferior in quality to top brands. Parts for such ATVs are cheap and affordable, but, most likely, the need for them will arise more often than after buying the same Bierpie.
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When choosing a good ATV, pay attention to the main performance characteristics, namely:
Engine capacity. For hunting, fishing, sports, driving on a dirt road, 150-230 cm3 will be enough. To dive into extreme tourism, you should choose a powerful engine of 350-689 cm3.
Power. For light riding or training, 13-15 hp will be enough for you. If the plans are full-fledged trips through the endless impassability of our Motherland (and we mean mountains and forests, not cities in the middle zone), then you should put a pony with a capacity of up to 45 horsepower in a stall. It is horse, not pony. nine0003
Transmission. Mechanical - suitable for moving on more or less flat roads, as it requires attention when switching gears.
CVT - suitable for hunting or fishing, where in manual mode it is necessary to switch gears only in loose areas or when encountering obstacles.
Automatic gearbox.
She controls the speeds depending on the engine speed and road conditions. You can focus entirely on the route or immerse yourself in the performance of a sports stunt. nine0003
Cooling system. You should not allow the engine to overheat, which means you need to choose the right cooling system for your needs. The air type is suitable for lighter fishing or hunting trips, for example. If everything is hardcore for you, then it is better to choose a fluid system that will provide the quadric with more heat transfer, and you will have peace of mind during extreme recreation.
Well, the last, but the main advice. Before choosing an ATV, think carefully for what purpose you need it: sports, walking or extreme riding. It depends on the amount you invest. Better yet, first rent an ATV a couple of times and understand whether you will ride it from time to time or whether you claim to be a quadro-maniac. In this case, of course, it is worth buying your own transport, but you also need to approach the choice more carefully - you will need more than five tips.
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And if you do not want to delve into the intricacies of choice and want to immediately get a good ATV that meets your needs, then you can always turn to specially trained people who, for some fee, are engaged in the selection of auto and motorcycle transport. As a rule, these are well-versed people who know the design of an ATV, have information about new products and have all the necessary technical means that can identify all the shortcomings of a vending instance. nine0003
But whatever your goal when buying an ATV, be prepared to shell out a tidy sum for the transport itself, accessories, equipment and storage space. If you have a small one-car garage, then it is worth considering an alternative shelter for the ATV, where it will live quietly and not interfere with you during your daily use of the car.
A garage 3-4 meters long is suitable for an ATV. As with any vehicle, the roof and walls must be airtight. In order for it to serve you for more than one year, you should pay attention to iron garages.
They are not only durable, the formation of mold and guests in the face of rodents is excluded. The SKOGGY metal garage is designed just for storing equipment such as an ATV. It is made of the professional sheets processed from corrosion. The roof does not leak, the installed drains remove all the consequences of precipitation, just do not forget to periodically clean it from leaves, sticks, birch buds and other debris. nine0003
The collapsible design will allow you to move the garage from place to place, unless of course there is a need for this. You never know, suddenly you decide to move on your ATV to another house. You can take the garage with you. Yes, and if you are planning a rearrangement on your site, a couple of hours - and the garage is dismantled.
We rested, decided on a new place, another hour or two - and the garage for the ATV is already in a new place.
You can choose a collapsible garage design from profiled sheets, or you can choose a frame one. In the second case, the garage is also collapsible, but the frame is assembled before sheathing with corrugated board. Gates can be made ordinary swing or use roller shutters. It is possible to install a gate in any part of the garage. nine0003
And for connoisseurs of the coolness of not only an ATV, but also its keeper, you can apply the most brutal print.
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