How to ride a manual atv winch


Step By Step Guide – AtvHelper

An ATV that has a clutch is considered a manual transmission ATV, unlike an automatic transmission ATV that does all the shifting for you. Driving a manual ATV is actually pretty easy once you get the hang of it. After a while it becomes second nature and you will be able to ride without even thinking about it too much. You will need to be able to coordinate between your hands and your feet to shift. I will go over step by step exactly how to start, get into gear, and shift with a manual ATV.

First, lets go over the components you will need to know to drive an ATV with a clutch.

  • Clutch: The clutch is the lever in front of the left hand grip. If you pull this lever in, the plates in the transmission pull away, causing your ATVs transmission to be disengaged. It is similar to be being in neutral, you could give it gas and not go anywhere, you’ll just rev the engine.
  • Shifter: The foot shifter is located next to your left foot. This is what you will use to shift gears up or down using your foot. You will only shift gears with the clutch lever pulled in.
  • Throttle: The throttle lever is located on the right hand grip. You will use your thumb to press the lever to give the ATV some gas to allow you to accelerate.
  • Hand Brake: The hand brake is located in front of the throttle on the right hand grip. This brake will activate the front tires only.
  • Foot Brake: The foot brake is located next to your right foot. This brake is used for the rear tires only.

It’s best practice to start the quad when it’s in the neutral gear. It is possible to start the ATV in any gear as long as you hold in the clutch lever. Remember, when you pull in on the clutch lever, you’re essentially putting the quad in neutral, as long as you’re holding in the clutch.

If you start your quad in gear, you need to pull in on the clutch and start the engine. Be careful though, if you let go of the clutch with the engine running and the transmission in gear, you will stall and could do damage to your transmission. I only start mine in neutral so that way I can let off the clutch and the quad will idle, and I suggest you do the same.

To get into neutral before starting the quad, you need to pull in on the clutch lever and use your left foot shifter to find neutral. Neutral is usually located between 1st and 2nd gear. You typically won’t be able to get into neutral from 2nd gear though. You should shift to 1st gear by clicking down on the foot shifter, all the way down to 1st gear. Then lightly shift a half click up into neutral. A full click up from 1st gear will put you into 2nd gear, a half click up will put you into neutral.

This is the part that everyone gets hung up on, I know I did when I first learned. It’s really not that hard once you get the hang of it though, it takes some practice. Don’t let yourself get discouraged too easily and you’ll be just fine.

Start off by being in neutral with the engine running. Pull in the clutch lever and hold it in. Now shift into 1st gear by pressing down on the shifter with your foot. To start accelerating, you need to give it some gas with the throttle while you slowly let out the clutch. You have to do these at the same time, that’s what usually gets people.

When you feel the clutch engage, the quad will start to move forward and you can let go of the clutch all together. You’re now in 1st gear moving forward. Be careful though, if you come to a stop without pulling the clutch back in, or getting back into neutral, the ATV will stall.

It may help to just practice getting the quad moving in 1st gear using the clutch and throttle for a bit. Every quad is a little different so it’s hard to say how much throttle to give, and how far to let the clutch out before it grabs. A good starting point though is to try about half throttle, and let the clutch out slowly until you get a good feel for it.

If you keep stalling your engine, you’re either not giving enough gas or you’re letting the clutch out too quickly. If the front end lifts up on you, you’re probably giving it too much throttle when you let the clutch out. It may take patience to get the hang of, but just take it easy and practice.

Once you’ve got the ‘start driving’ part down you’ll want to go faster. Luckily this isn’t as hard as getting the quad moving in the first place. To shift up a gear you want to be about 75% or more of the rpm range for your engine. You typically want to shift up in the higher rpm ranges or you will just bog down the engine. For example, being in 4th gear but only going 5mph will give you no power, and you might even stall.

Shift Up

To shift up, you have to let off the throttle and pull in the clutch lever all the way. With your left foot, pull up on the shift lever into the next higher gear then let the clutch out and give it throttle. Keep in mind when switching from 1st to 2nd you need to do a full click up to shift, a half click will put you in neutral.

If you feel more comfortable slowly letting the clutch out and giving gas at the same time like you did to start in 1st, that’s fine. It is not necessary though. That’s why I think shifting between gears is easier than starting out in 1st. Because you can just let off the gas, pull in the clutch, shift, let go of clutch all together, and give it gas again. You’ll be able to do this faster with time, and it becomes second nature after a while.

Shift Down

To downshift you do the same steps except press down on the shifter with your left foot. Keep in mind that if you down shift at a high speed you will red line your engine and could cause damage. Downshifting is only really needed when you’re slowing down. What I do is just hold the clutch in whenever I’m slowing down, and once I’ve slowed to the speed I want, I shift down into the gear best suited for that speed, and let the clutch out.

You really do need to know what gear is best for the speed you’re going. Unlike shifting up through gears, you can shift down through multiple gears at a time depending on how much you slowed down. If your ATV doesn’t have a speedometer, the best you can do is just get a feel for what speed you’re going and what gear you should be in.

This is the easiest part, but the most important, you should definitely know how to stop before you even try riding an ATV with a clutch. To come to a complete stop simply let off the throttle, hold in the clutch, and apply the front and rear brakes until you’ve stopped moving. You can down shift while you’re slowing down or wait until you’ve stopped to down shift all the way to 1st gear. Either way, it’s important that you hold the clutch in this entire time. Once you’re into 1st gear, do a half click shift up into neutral. Now you can let off the clutch and the engine will idle.

The front brake is applied by using the front brake lever on the right side of the handle bars. The front brake is typically about 3/4 of your stopping power. Some people never even touch their rear brakes at all, which is fine. To use your rear brakes apply the foot brake by your right foot. The rear brake becomes more useful when you start to learn more advanced braking and cornering, or if you just like to skid to a stop.

That’s it! now it’s time to practice, a lot. You’ll get the hang of it and you’ll want to start trying more advanced maneuvers in no time. As always, remember to wear proper safety gear. At the very least, make sure you wear a helmet, goggles, and a decent pair of boots. If you want to check out some gear I’ve tried, tested, and recommend myself, check out the Recommended Gear section of this site.

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ATV Winch - User Guides

ATV WINCH INSTALLATION

Mounting your Winch

Mount the winch on the vehicle using the M8 x 30 bolts and spring washers provided. The winch must be mounted in position with the rope/cable spooling off the bottom of the reel not the top. Improper mounting could damage your winch and void the Trailmaxx warranty.

Lubrication Application

All moving parts in the winch are permanently lubricated with high temperature lithium grease at time of assembly. Lubricate. Inspect rope/cable for broken strands regularly and replace if necessary. If the rope/cable becomes worn or damaged it must be replaced. Do not replace rope/cable with a rope/cable which is rated lower than the original.

Electrical Connection

For normal self recovery work, your existing electrical system is adequate. A fully charged battery and proper connections are essential. Run the vehicle engine during winching operations to keep the battery fully charged.

Connect the red motor terminal to the red motor connection terminal on the control box using a red cable.
Connect the black or white motor terminal to the black motor connection terminal on the control box using a black cable.
Connect the red power cord terminal on the control box to the positive (+) terminal on the battery using a red cable.
Connect the black power cord terminal on the control box to the negative (-) terminal on the battery using a black cable.
Check the direction of drum rotation. Turn the clutch knob to the “OFF” position and free spool some rope/cable off the drum. Turn the clutch knob to the “IN” position and push the “IN” button on the controller, if the rope/cable respools this is correct, if not swap the battery leads over and recheck.
Wireless Control

Your Trailmaxx winch is installed with a wireless control unit housed in the control box. This unit should have an operating range of at least 10 meters. If problems are experienced with the wireless control it may be ofbenefit to open the control box, locate the wireless control unit attached to the inside of the case, locate the aerial (green wire attached only at one end) and feed it out through the bottom of the control box into a more exposed position. To further extend the performance of the wireless control a Trailmaxx booster aerial can also be fitted.

Winch Operation

Suggestion

The best way to get acquainted with how your winch operates is to make a few test runs before you actually need to use it. Plan your test in advance. Remember you can hear your winch as well as you can see it operate. Get to recognize the sound of a light steady pull, a heavy pull, and sounds caused by the load jerking or shifting. Soon you will gain confidence in operating your winch and its use will become second nature to you.

Operating Winch

For normal self recovery work, your existing electrical system is adequate. A fully charged battery and proper connections are essential. Run the vehicle engine during winching operations to keep the battery fully charged.

Ensure the vehicle is secure by applying the park brake or chocking the wheels.
Pull out the winch rope/cable to the desired length and connect to the anchor point. The winch clutch allows rapid uncoiling of the rope/cable for hooking onto the load or the anchor point. The shifter tab located on the gear housing of the winch operates the clutch as follows:
  1. To disengage the clutch, move the clutch shifter tab into the “OUT” position. rope/cable may not be free spooled off the drum.
  2. To engage the clutch, move the clutch shifter tab into the “IN” position. The winch is now ready for pulling.
Recheck all rope/cable rigging before proceeding.
Plug in the winch hand control. It is recommended that the winching operation takes place from the driver’s position to ensure safe operation.
To commence winching operation, start the vehicle engine, select neutral in the transmission, and maintain engine speed at idle.
Operate the remote control switch in or out until the vehicle or load has been retrieved. Regularly check the winch to ensure rope/cable is winding onto the drum evenly.
NOTES
  • Never winch with your vehicle in gear as this could damage the transmission.
  • Never wrap the rope/cable around the object and hook onto the rope/cable itself. This can cause damage to the object being pulled, and may kink or fray the rope/cable.
  • Keep hands, clothing, hair and jewellery clear of the drum area and rope/cable when winching.
  • Never use the winch if the rope/cable is frayed, kinked or damaged.
  • Never allow anyone to stand near the rope/cable or in line with the rope/cable behind the winch while it is under power. If the rope/cable should slip or brake, it can suddenly whip back towards the winch, causing serious injury to anyone in the area. Always stand well to the side when winching.
  • Do not leave the switch plugged in while not in use.

MAINTENANCE

It is highly recommended that the winch be used regularly (at least once a month). Simply power out the rope/cable 15m, free spool 5m and then power back in. This will keep all components in good working condition so that the winch can be relied on when needed. Contact your authorised Trailparts outlet for technical assistance and repairs.

Note

The safety precautions and instructions discussed in this manual cannot cover all possible conditions and situations that may occur. It must be understood by the operator that common sense and caution are features which cannot be built into this product, and must be supplied by the operator. Trailparts™ accepts no liability for any consequences of using this product if not used in accord with this manual.

CHECK THE WINCH CAREFULLY AND THOROUGHLY BEFORE OPERATING!

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Warning!

Observe safety precautions for personal safety and the safety of others. Improper equipment operation may cause personal injury and equipment damage. Read the following carefully before attempting to operate your winch and keep the instructions for future reference.

Dress properly:
  • Do not wear loose clothing or jewellery; they can be caught in moving parts.
  • Wear leather gloves when handling winch rope/cable, as broken ropes/cable can cause injuries.
  • Non-slip footwear is recommended.
Keep a safe distance:
  • Ensure that all persons stand well clear of the winch rope/cable and load during winch operation, 1.5 times the rope/cable length is recommended. If a rope/cable pulls loose under load or breaks it can lash back and cause serious injury.
  • Do not step over the rope/wire.
  • All visitors and onlookers should be kept well clear of the work area.
  • Ensure a secure footing and balance while operating the winch.
Do not misuse the control Rope/Wire:
  • Never carry the winch by the cord, or disconnect it from the receptacle by pulling the rope/cable.
  • Keep rope/cable away from heat, oil and sharp edges.
Do not overwork the winch:
  • If the motor becomes uncomfortably hot to touch, stop and let it cool for a few minutes.
  • Do not maintain power to the winch if the motor stalls.
  • Do not exceed maximum line pull ratings shown in tables, shock loads must not exceed these ratings.
  • Any winch showing signs of misuse and/or excessive heat will not be accepted for warranty.
Avoid unintentional starting:
  • Winch clutch should be disengaged when not in use and fully engaged when in use.
  • Never release the winch clutch while under load.
Check for damaged parts:
  • Before using, you should check your winch carefully. Any part that is damaged should be properly repaired or replaced by a Trailmaxx authorized service centre
Repairing your winch:
  • When repairing the winch use only genuine Trailmaxx replacement parts, as using any other parts will
    invalidate the warranty and may result in injury to the user
Re-spooling the Rope/Wire:
  • Leather gloves must be worn while re-spooling.
  • To re-spool correctly, it is necessary to keep a slight load on the rope/cable. Hold the rope/cable with one hand and the remote control switch with the other. Start as far back and in the centre as you can. Walk up, keeping load on the rope/wire as the winch is powered in.
  • Do not allow the rope/wire to run loosely through your hand and do not approach the winch too closely.
  • Turn off the winch and repeat the procedure until all but 1m of rope/cable is in.
  • Disconnect the remote control switch and finish spooling in the rope/wire by rotating the drum by hand with the clutch disengaged.
  • On hidden winches, spool in the rope/cable under power but keep hands clear.

OPERATION WARNINGS

Read the following carefully before attempting to operate your Trailmaxx winch and keep the instructions for future reference.

  • The uneven spooling of rope/cable while pulling a load is not a problem, unless there is a rope/cable pile up at one end of the drum. If this happens reverse the winch to relieve the load and move your anchor point furtherto the centre of the vehicle. After the job is done you can unspool and rewind for a neat lay of rope/wire.
  • Store the remote control switch inside your vehicle where it will not be damaged, and always inspect it before you plug it in.
  • When ready to begin spooling in, plug in the remote control switch with clutch disengaged. Do not engage the clutch with the motor running.
  • Never connect the hook back to the rope/cable as this causes rope/wire damage. Always use a sling or chain of suitable length.
  • Keep a close watch on your winch from a safe distance while operating; stop the winch periodically to check that the rope/cable is not pulling up in a corner. Jamming the rope/cable can break your winch.
  • Do not attach tow hook to winch mounting plate, it must be attached to the vehicle frame.
  • The use of a snatch block will aid recovery operations by providing a doubling of the winch capacity and a halving of the winch speed, and the means to maintain a direct line pull to the centre of the rollers. When double loading during stationery winching, the winch tow hook should be attached to the chassis of thevehicle.
  • Ensure rated “D” or bow shackles are used in conjunction with an approved tree trunk protector to provide a safe anchor point.
  • When extending the winch rope/cable, ensure that the rope/cable is wrapped at least 5 times around the drum at all times. Failure to ensure this could result in the rope/cable parting from the drum under load resulting insevere personal injury and/or damage to property.
  • All Trailmaxx winches are provided with a marking on the rope/cable to indicate when the last 5 turns of Rope are left on the drum. No recovery should be attempted with this mark showing beyond the rollers.
  • Since the greatest pulling power is achieved on the innermost layer of your winch, it is desirable to pull off as much line as possible for heavy pulls (You must leave at least 5 turns on the drum). If this is not practical use a snatch block and double line arrangement.
  • Draping a heavy blanket or similar object over the extended winch rope/cable is recommended as it will dampen any backlash should a failure occur.
  • Neat, tight spooling avoids rope/cable binding, which is caused when a load is applied and the rope/cable is pinched between the other coils. If this happens, alternatively power the winch in and out; do not attempt to work a bound rope/cable under load, free by hand.
  • Apply blocks to wheels when vehicles are on an incline.
  • Battery;
    1. Be sure that the battery is in good condition. Avoid contact with the battery acid and other contaminants.
    2. Always wear eye protection when working around a battery.
    3. Have the engine running when using the winch to avoid draining the battery.
  • Winch rope/cable;
    1. Be sure that the rope/cable is in good condition and is attached properly.
    2. Do not use the winch if rope/cable is frayed.
    3. Do not move the vehicle to pull a load.
    4. Do not replace the rope/cable with a Rope of lesser strength.
    5. The life of the rope/cable is directly related to the use and care it receives. Following its first and subsequent uses, a rope/cable must be wound on to the drum under a load of at least 500lbs (230kgs) or the outer wraps will draw into the inner wraps and severely damage the rope/cable during winching. The first winch run should be a familiarization run while in a relaxed, non-recovery situation. Spool out the rope/cable until the rope/cable mark appears, then rewind the rope/cable on the drum under a load of 500lbs (230kgs) or more. This will slightly stretch and tension the new rope/cable and create a tight rope/ cable wrap around the drum. Failure to do so may result in Rope damage and reduced rope/cable life.
    6. ">
  • When the rope/cable is replaced, be sure to apply loctite or an equal compound to the rope/cable clamp thread. Tighten the clamp screw properly but do not over tighten. The loctite will prevent loosening of the screw in arduous conditions. Loctite 7471 primer and 222 thread locker are recommended..
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  • Do not attempt to exceed the pulling limits of this winch.
  • Do not drive your vehicle to assist the winch in any way. Vehicle movement in combination with winch operation may overload the rope/cable, the winch itself or cause damaging shock loads.
  • Shock loads when winching are dangerous! A shock load occurs when an increase in force is suddenly applied to the rope/cable. A vehicle rolling back on a slack rope/cable may induce a damaging shock load.
  • The winches shown in this manual are solely for vehicle and boat mounted non-industrial applications.
  • Do not use the winch in hoisting as these winches do not conform to the required hoist safety factors and features.
  • Do not use the winch to lift, support or otherwise transport personnel.

TROUBLE SHOOTING

Symptom Possible Cause Suggestion Remedy
Motor does not turn on Safety switch is off Turn safety switch to the ON position.
Switch assembly is not connected correctly Insert safety switch assembly firmly into the connector.
Loose battery cable Tighten nuts on cable connectors.
Solenoid malfunctioning Tap solenoid to free contact, applying 12/24 volts to coil terminal directly. Make an audible clicking when activating.
Defective switch assembly Replace switch assembly.
Defective motor Check for voltage at armature port with switch pressed. If voltage is present, replace motor.
Water has entered motor Drain and dry. Run in short bursts without load until completely dry.
Motor runs too hot Long period of operation Let winch cool down periodically.
Motor runs slowly or without normal power Low or flat battery Recharge battery by running vehicle.
Insufficient current or voltage Clean, tighten or replace the connector.
Motor runs but rope/cable drum does not turn Clutch not engaged Turn the selector lever to the IN position, if that does not work, take to a qualified Trailmaxx technician to check and repair.
Motor runs in one direction only Defective or stuck solenoid Tap solenoid to free contacts. Repair or replace solenoid.
Defective switch assembly Replace switch assembly.

How to change gears on an ATV - ATVARMOR

Articles

  • Published bakkie

02 Dec

Any wheeled vehicle - from a bicycle to a multi-ton truck - has a transmission in its device: a system that transmits rotation from the engine to the wheels. The operation of the transmission - and therefore the speed of driving - can be controlled by shifting gears.

Gear shifting is organized differently in each mode of transport. In the article below, we will tell you exactly how to shift gears on ATVs, and what gearboxes are found on such equipment.

Types of gearboxes for ATVs and a list of gears in them

Gearboxes for ATVs can be of two types:

  1. Mechanical. Similar to motorcycle gearboxes. They are put mainly on racing models, but in recent years they have also begun to be found on utility ATVs. They have a foot clutch or clutch with a lever on the steering wheel (in most cases it is), and a foot shifter. Manual transmission usually has 4 “forward” gears, neutral and reverse.
  2. CVT. They have high and low (L and H) forward gears, neutral, reverse and parking brake. Some ATVs (the cheapest and least powerful) can have only one forward gear. You don't need to depress the clutch to shift.

Rare and mostly found in older models, but other variations can be found. For example - "automatic" with the ability to manually shift gears.

Manual ATVs are a little more difficult to drive (at least at first, until you get used to it), but you can more accurately select the appropriate mode. And vice versa: CVT "boxes" are much easier to operate, they are easy to master for a beginner who gets behind the wheel of an ATV for the first time. But on the other hand, with active driving along a route with variable difficulty, riding a CVT will be a little less convenient.

For example: you are driving on a flat packed dirt road on H and you see a large stretch of muddy road ahead with deep mud (or a steep hill, or bumps, or stones). You will have to come to a complete stop and shift to L, drive through mud, and when you get back on a dry road, come to a complete stop again and shift back to H. , like motorcycles, and a manual clutch lever on the handlebar on the left.

The foot lever device can be of two types:

  1. One lever. Gear shifting is carried out with the toe of the foot, pressing the lever from top to bottom (gears from 1 and above) or from bottom to top - from a higher gear to a lower one.
  2. Two levers. Gear shifting is carried out by the heel and toe of the left foot. The rear lever shifts gears up, the front lever shifts down.

The shift itself is carried out in the same way as on motorcycles:

  1. We start the ATV (always in neutral or park gear).
  2. Fully depress the clutch.
  3. Press the gear lever with your foot, selecting the first gear.
  4. Slightly press down on the gas trigger and at the same time slowly release the clutch lever. When learning on any type of transport with a manual transmission (car, motorcycle, truck), this point is the most difficult, and it can only be gained by practice, catching the balance in working with the clutch and gas. If you have experience driving any vehicle with a manual transmission, you will quickly get used to an ATV with such a gearbox.
  5. Having completely released the clutch, we move only with the help of gas, adding or decreasing it (and, if necessary, braking with a foot or hand brake).
  6. Having gained speed, we squeeze the clutch again, and turn on the next gear with our foot.
  7. Press the gas trigger and slowly release the clutch.
  8. Repeat steps 6-7 for further upshifts.
  9. If the gear needs to be reduced, we act in the same order: we squeeze the clutch, and press the gearshift lever with our foot to reduce the gear.

When exactly to switch speeds up and down is determined by the tachometer, speed, road complexity, weight of the load taken and the characteristics of the ATV itself (power, weight).

CVT gear shifting

CVT gearboxes are much more common on ATVs. The clutch in them does not need to be squeezed out, and the “mode” of driving forward is selected from two (most often) options: in high (suitable for driving on an easy route) or in low (for difficult sections, steep climbs and towing) gears.

An important difference from driving in a manual transmission: switching between L and H is carried out only when the ATV is completely stopped, with the brake applied. To select a mode, move the knob to the desired position. Switching between L and H on the go is impossible.

The rest of the gears - park, neutral and reverse - of course, are also included when the ATV is standing still.

How to choose an ATV winch

Contents

  • Applications
  • Varieties of winches
  • Which cable to choose?

The ATV was originally used as an essential agricultural vehicle. Modern models are designed for active and extreme recreation. But this transport is still valued for its versatility. You can expand the functions of this unit by using various accessories. A winch is an important and useful accessory for an ATV, as it can help out both during chores and during off-road trips.

Applications

ATVs are mainly used for driving on difficult surfaces, in mud, through pits and swamps, which means that they can get stuck so that it will be very difficult to get out on their own. And with the help of traction, you can get out of the trap in a matter of time. Therefore, a winch for an ATV is especially important for tourists involved in extreme sports.

Many people use this winch for agricultural work. When carrying out work, an ATV winch, which includes a synthetic cable (or other type of cable), will help you find a way out of a difficult situation, for example, move a heavy load.

Winches are very versatile and can be useful in all types of ATV use. Some models of ATVs do not have a winch included in the basic package. In this case, it makes sense to purchase a synthetic or Kevlar cable. It is suitable for any model, and the installation process does not take much time.

The principle of operation of the winch is to increase the traction power through torque. The Kevlar cable is attached to the object to be moved and then wound onto the drum. Its length decreases, increasing the tension, and the technique is removed from the trap. Such a cable is able to easily withstand a load of up to three tons without damaging the vehicle.
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Varieties of winches

Metal cable

The requirements for choosing quality equipment for extracting equipment from hard-to-reach areas are simple. Winches should be light, reliable, compact, easy to operate and have high traction.

An important parameter when choosing such a device is the weight, power and engine size of all-terrain vehicles. The pulling force of the winch must exceed the weight of the ATV. So, if the ATV weighs 500 kilograms, the pulling force must be at least 1200 kilograms. ATV winches differ in the type of cable and control method. The control process can be carried out using a remote radio control or control buttons on the steering wheel. The first option is considered the safest, especially if the cable breaks. Should pay attention to the type of cable? Kevlar or steel.

ATV brand winches have proved their worth. There are two types of such winches - stationary and portable. Stationary winches are a manual mechanism that is used to move loads with an inclination of 60 degrees. To start working with this device, you need to install it on the surface and fix it with bolts. Installing a winch of this type does not take much time, but it is better to do it in a specialized service, where they will do the whole range of work for you, including the installation of a power body kit and strengthening the front suspension.

Portable products are characterized by a high degree of mobility. The mechanism of operation of a portable winch is the same as that of a stationary one - the traction force is transmitted from the drive drum through the cable. This ATV cable does not need to be fixed to the platform and can be taken with you on trips.

Which cable to choose?

Synthetic rope

When driving off-road, you need to be fully equipped. The design of the winch includes a Kevlar, synthetic or metal cable. The choice of cable is related to the specific use and the expected maximum load. Also, the most important characteristic of these devices is the service life.


Learn more