After you’ve been riding a quad for some time, you start building experience and confidence. It only makes sense to want to build some jumps in the backyard. Sure, a full on motocross track would be great, but not everyone has the time or space for that. Besides, you’d be surprised what you can do with just a little space, and how much fun you can have riding on a small track.
The topics I go over in this article can be used for any size space you have available, and you can make your track as big or as small as you’d like. But, the first step is planning.
When you start planning your ATV riding track, there are a lot of things to consider. Before you even start designing the layout, there is planning to do. First, you need to pick the site. This is important, and you don’t want to end up with legal problems later on down the road.
If you have neighbors close by, be prepared for noise complaints. I know, I thought everyone loved the sound ripping engines all day too. I can’t for the life of me figure out why, but they don’t. If you get dry seasons where you live, then you have to worry about dust kicking up too. A fence could help with the noise and dust, but you’ll need to check with your local building department about any setback requirements, and putting in a fence adds to the cost of the track. If you can, find a place with plenty of room where it bother the neighbors.
Water will always find its way to the lowest point, and will cause erosion on its way there. If you can find a naturally sloped area to build your track, then great. Otherwise you may end up putting in drainage pipes or sloping the terrain yourself. Take care to think about erosion control while you choose your location and start your planning. If you do install drainage pipes, keep in mind that they need to be covered with a fair amount of dirt. The ATV’s you plan on riding on the track will destroy most drain pipes over time.
You don’t want to get sued. You will probably want to allow people over to ride on your track at some point. Having it all to yourself is great, but sooner or later, you’ll want to ride with other people. Talk with your insurance agent to find out what your policy covers. Your insurance might go up if you want to allow visitors to ride ATV’s on your property. Accidents happen, talk with a lawyer to find out what would happen if someone got hurt on your property. In some cases, even a trespasser could sue you for damages if your track wasn’t properly fenced off. I’ve even been to places where I had to sign a waiver, basically saying I won’t sue if I get hurt.
If you can avoid having to buy dirt to build your track, you’re already ahead of the game. Buying dirt can be expensive, try to only buy dirt if you have to. I recommend working with the natural terrain. This will be done differently for every piece of land, but try to locate any hills and use them to your advantage.
It may be a good idea, if you have the space, to dig a pond near the track, and use the dirt from that to build the track with. You could dig out the side of a hill, use the hillside as a berm, and use the dirt for some tabletops or jump ramps. You have to get creative here if you want to save yourself from buying dirt. If you do end up needing to buy dirt, loamy soil works best but is the most expensive. Clay based soil holds its shape better, but sandy soil drains better. Loamy soil is a good medium between the two. I lean more towards clay based soil because I like the track to hold up over time.
Once you have all the approvals and a good spot picked out, its time to start designing the track.
For me, this is the fun part. I just love planning out what’s going to go on the track, to me, it’s exciting. The first step here, is decide what type of track you want to build. Maybe you want more of a supercross style track as opposed to motocross. Or maybe you just want a few whoops and jumps with a more natural feel to the track.
The type of terrain you have to work with might affect your decision too. If you have a super flat piece of land you might consider a supercross track, if you don’t mind bringing in a lot of dirt. If you have more hilly terrain, I would go with a more natural track or a motocross style track.
Also keep in mind why you’re building the track in the first place. What skills do you want to improve on and what type of riding do you enjoy the most? If you want to work on speed and cornering, I would go for motocross or a natural terrain track. If you can’t get enough of the jumping, level an area and build jumps, supercross style. If you’re building this for fun, I would go with a bit of a combination. Mostly natural terrain, but with enough obstacles to keep it fun.
Actually starting the design is very different depending on which type of track you chose to go with. If you want a more supercross style track, you will need very accurate drawn up plans of every obstacle and where they will go.
A more natural motocross style track, you can basically wing it, I wouldn’t even worry about drawing up plans.
To start with a supercross track, create a scale drawing to work with. Supercross is entirely man made, you will need to flatten a good portion of land to make one of these. Try to design long straight lanes, that way you can put bigger obstacles in your track. Keep it simple with complete 180 degree turn arounds back to back. It would look like a series of parallel straight aways at first. Then add your obstacle in. You will need a lot more dirt to build this type of track.
If you want to go with a natural terrain track, there’s no need for planning or drawing. You could simply scout out your area on your ATV and sort of free ball it. Try to make the most of the land you have to use. Hills are great spots to create banks, step-ups, step-downs, berms, jumps, and so on. Avoid sharp turns, and plan using areas with available dirt. Avoid large rocks and trees that will get in the way, but keep in mind you can rent machinery to help scrape up the terrain.
Creating jumps out of hills, and building upon existing features will help you. The very first tracks ever made were made out of the natural terrain, for me, that’s the way to go.
If you don’t want to spend hours shoveling, you may want to rent some heavy machinery. A small bulldozer could handle most of what you’re trying to do, you shouldn’t need much more than that for a small backyard ATV track. If your plan is simple enough you shouldn’t need to be carrying the dirt all that far. You will mostly be focusing on grading and shaping the existing terrain.
The bigger machines will work better and push more dirt, but they will cost more to rent. This one’s up to you, if you want to get it done fast, get a bigger dozer. You may need a water truck, or a way to get water to your track to pack the dirt down. It depends on what kind of dirt you’re dealing with, but dry dirt usually doesn’t pack very well.
If you plan on building a supercross style track, you will probably need a bucket loader or an excavator.
You will need to move a lot of dirt to where it needs to go and shape the track. You probably won’t get much use out of a bulldozer though. Supercross tracks are a lot more detailed finish work, the dozer wouldn’t be useful for that.
There are some obstacle you have in mind that you just need to have. I get it, but make sure you leave yourself room for improvement later on down the road. You’ll be a lot happier with your track if you can upgrade sections as you become a better rider. You don’t want all your obstacles jumbled together anyway, it will ruin the flow of the track.
Some ideas to get you started:
Don’t make a track you’re scared to drive on, you need to ride a lot to get better.
You can always upgrade the track as your skills improve.
For a supercross track you will need some long measuring tapes, and some stakes and flags. Measure out the jump peaks and place your stakes before you start piling dirt on. Use your scale drawing and map out the entire track before hand. If you can, mark the stakes at the heights you want your obstacles to be.
For a natural terrain track you don’t really need to do any of that. I find it useful to place down a couple flags to remind me of where I planned certain obstacle. I also mark where I want to scuff up the terrain to make actual lanes to ride in around the property. Doing this also helps you to confirm if your plan for the track will actually work out or not.
You have a game plan down, you have the equipment, and everything marked out. Now comes the hard work, actually building the track. The best place to start is at the end, working your way back to the start. I suggest doing this because that way you’re not ruining the faces of the jumps with the equipment.
In fact, you will always be working on the faces of the jumps if you build the track in reverse order.
You can do this per straight away, or work in reverse on the entire track as a whole. You can also work from the middle of a straight away outwards in both directions, especially if you build a larger obstacle in the middle of that lane. Either way, you would finish the lane and build the turns last, so you avoid ruining any berms or bowls you have planned for your corners.
This is more for a supercross track where everything is tight together. If you have a more open natural course, just do what makes sense to you. I would still recommend building any jumps or obstacles from the end to the front to keep the take off area nice.
It’s time to start piling the dirt where your obstacles are going to be. If you have a loader, grab a full bucket of dirt. Keep in mind that you will want to try grabbing the same amount of dirt every time. Get yourself into the area you will be working and line yourself up straight with the obstacle.
If you can get yourself head on with the jump, it will make the rest of this process a lot easier. Just try to imagine at which angle you will be approaching the jump on your quad. Dump the dirt starting at the back of the obstacle.
Keep adding bucket loads of dirt until you’ve created the basic shape of the obstacle. You will want to add a little more dirt to the top to compensate for packing it down. If you marked your stakes for the correct height you wanted, this part will be a lot easier. I would start by doing the sides of the jump first, then filling in the middle. Make sure your obstacle is wide enough, having everything pre-marked makes this simple, just fill the areas you staked off.
This is where a bulldozer comes in handy. To start with the bulldozer, drive over the jump with the tracks to pack everything down.
It’s ok to go back and forth, make sure the entire obstacle is packed down nicely. Now use the blade of the dozer to level off the jump and smooth out the areas that the tracks ruffed up.
Be sure to get rid of any bumps or indents on the jump. This is the fine tuning stage, you want to end with a nicely finished obstacle. You could also finish up the surface using the dozer. If you want better traction for your quad, leave it as is, you’re done. Fair warning though, it will be a lot more maintenance.
To pack the surface down, simply roll over the front of the jump with the tires of the loader. There will be less maintenance, and the jump will be more consistent, you will know what to expect every time you hit it. You can use the bucket of the loader to smooth out the tire tracks after you’re happy with how packed down the front of the jump is.
For a nice lane that flows well, I would consider a distance of about 30 feet between jumps. You can do a lot more than this though and still enjoy the track.
Especially on a more natural track that flows with the landscape. Make your jumps where it makes sense to, but keep in mind not to have too many obstacles close together. Unless you plan on using them together, like for take off and landing purposes.
A good pitch for quad jumping is around 3:1. That means for every three feet your ramp is length wise, it will be one foot high. When you just naturally dump a pile of dirt, the ratio is more like 1:1, which is way too steep for a four wheeler. Of course, make the track to your liking and skill level, you can always change things later on as you improve.
Take care to keep the jump consistent all the way to the top, and side to side. If there is an indent or a hump, it could prevent the rider from leaving the jump at the top, which can be dangerous. Avoid creating any lips at the top, this could kick the rear tires up as you leave the jump.
After you’ve got the pitch you want, you will want to curve the jump a bit. Leaving it at an exact 3:1 ratio won’t give you that much lift. If you curve the face of the jump slightly, it will allow your suspension to compress into the ramp, and decompress on take off, giving you some nice lift.
Take your time and make sure the ramp faces are right. Make sure your jump is lined up with the track. Double check for kickers, swells, and indents. Make sure the top edge is level. Always do a slow pass around the track to make sure everything feels right before going full throttle. It’s always best to slowly get used to a track you’ve never ridden on before, especially a newly built track.
Always wear proper safety riding gear, to check out some quality gear I put through some tough testing myself, visit the Recommended Gear section of this site. The only thing left to do is enjoy all your hard work. Be careful, it can get addicting, before you know it you’ll be building all different kinds of obstacles.
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Jumping on an ATV can seem dangerous. But if you know what to look for, and practice the right way, it can be done safely, and is really a lot of fun. If you’re new to jumping on an ATV, it is best if you take it slow at first. Learning the feel of your quad is a must. I highly recommend wearing safety gear before attempting any jumps on your four wheeler.
Basic safety gear includes: Helmet, goggles, boots, gloves, pants, and some type of body armor. Safety gear will keep you protected in case of an accident. Remember, you’re launching yourself and a 400 pound machine into the air. Better safe than sorry.
To check out some of the best gear to keep you safe, visit the Recommended Gear section of this site. Safety first.
The first thing to remember when jumping a quad is to keep the front wheels slightly higher than the rear wheels on take off and landing. This will help keep the landing smooth, and it is an important thing to remember when jumping. If you land with the front wheels first, the landing could be rough, with the potential to fall off the quad and cause injury. Landing with all four wheels at the same time, could bounce you off the four wheeler.
Another thing to focus on when jumping, is your body position on the quad. You want to be standing, or at least have your butt raised off the seat a bit. This will help you use your legs as suspension along with the suspension of the machine.
If you’re sitting on the seat when you land, you could be thrown from the four wheeler. When the quad hits the ground the suspension will compress. When the quads suspension rebounds, along with the your body’s downward force, you could be bounced off the ATV.
Standing not only helps your legs become extra suspension, it also helps you move your body around to correct the quad’s angle on take off. The key here is to allow the quad to move around underneath you. You should easily be able to shift your weight forward or to the side to make minor corrections to the ATV’s take off angle.
Always begin with smaller jumps when riding a new quad for the first time. Every quad behaves a little differently, and it takes time to find what works for you. To get the perfect jumping angle, try to focus on throttle position and body position.
When you approach the jump, stand slightly with your body weight slightly to the rear of center. You want to get some of the weight off the front end. Keep a steady pressure on the throttle to prevent the front of the ATV from lagging down. If you don’t keep the front up, you risk nosing down while airborne. That’s when the front of the quad lands before the rear.
The throttle shouldn’t be all the way maxed out, but you don’t want to give too little throttle either. If you are approaching a jump to fast and need to slow down, that’s ok. Hit the brakes to slow yourself, and right before launch hit the throttle again.
The main points here are to keep the quad in a straight line when jumping and try not to tilt the machine. The right side of the ATV needs to be even with the left so that the right rear tire and left rear tire touch down at the same time. Not landing properly can be dangerous, bend an axle, or throw the rider from the quad.
What do you do if you tilt mid-air? You need to correct yourself in mid-air so that both your rear tires land at the same time. Something as simple as a bump in the track that only one tire hit could send you into a tilt. You can easily correct yourself though by shifting your weight to the higher side of the machine. This is why standing is so important when jumping. It’s best to focus on getting your weight onto the left or right foot peg while you lean in the proper direction. Shift your weight to your left leg or right leg to easily correct a tilt from a standing position.
What do you do if your quad gets sideways? Keeping the quad in a straight line when you take off and land should prevent this from happening. But if your rear tires slip on the take off, this could still happen to you. Keep calm and keep the front wheels pointed in the direction the quad is supposed to be going. If you can’t re-align by just shifting your body weight, lean to the opposite side of the kicked out rear end. Keep on the throttle and hang on, the quad should straighten back out on landing. If the front tires are pointed straight in the direction you want the quad to go, then as soon as they touch down they will grip the trail and straighten out the machine.
Everything doesn’t always go exactly as planned, especially once you become airborne. There are a few things to look out for when you move onto bigger jumps. The most important, and dangerous, is if you get the quad vertical. If you hit a steep jump with too much throttle, or pull back on the handle bars too much, you could find yourself in a nose up vertical position. If the rear end kicks up on you while airborne, you could be in a dangerous nose down vertical position.
How do you fix it? Try to fix being nose up vertical by leaning forward onto the handle bars. Try to move as much of your weight forward as you can. Get off the throttle immediately and hit the rear brakes hard. How can using brakes while airborne be helpful? It does help a little by stopping the rear tires rotation. Once the rotating rear tires stop, the inertia from them will be transferred to the front of the quad, helping bring the nose down a bit.
It is a good idea to pull in on the clutch to keep the engine from stalling. If you are still going to land on the back tires with the front end way too high, be prepared for the machine to jerk forward. Lean into the landing, keep the throttle off, and keep your body position forward. Be ready for the handle bar to jerk forward. If you need to you can loosen your grip. You don’t want to be thrown in front of the quad while it’s still moving forward after landing.
This is one of the scariest scenarios in my opinion. When the rear of the quad kicks up behind you and you have the nose of the quad facing downward. This can happen sometimes right as you hit a jump, it is not very common though. You definitely don’t want to land in this position. Move your weight to the back of the quad as soon as possible, while pulling back on the handle bars. Hit the throttle to spin the wheels. This has the opposite effect as using brakes in a nose up vertical position, and the rotating tires could help level out the ATV. The rear end should drop back down and level your machine out for a safer landing.
If you are new to jumping, be patient and practice a lot before trying any big jumps. The people getting 20 feet of air have likely been jumping for years. It is best to develop your skills on smaller jumps first. Things can go bad quicker on bigger jumps where more speed is required.
Remember the basics, wear a helmet and protective gear, and have fun learning. Don’t try anything that is too much for your abilities. We all start somewhere. Go slowly over the jump at first, getting no air, just to get a feel for the jump and the terrain. Then go a little faster, about half speed, to see how things feel before taking on a new jump.
While you’re in the air, check your landing zone for obstacles such as rocks, logs, or other riders. Use your legs as an extra set of suspension. Try to ride loose on the quad and get a good feel for the machine before trying anything dangerous.
Take your time to get a good feel for the quad. While airborne, even the slightest change in position can make a big difference. Stand on the quad with both feet on the pegs and squat slightly towards the rear of the quad. Be ready to shift your body weight at any time. If the ATV starts tilting, lean against the tilt without over correcting.
Try to land with the back tires touching down just before the front tires do. Start off small only hitting smaller jumps until you build up your experience. Get a feel for the jump by just driving over it slowly at first.
When in the air, use your body weight to control the quad, and use the throttle and brake to level yourself out if you need to. If you start to go sideways, shift your body weight to the opposite side and keep the front wheels pointing the direction you want to go.
Remember the basics and wear protective gear. Most importantly, have fun! After you get good at jumping, you could even throw in a trick or two.
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What is the most exciting thing about riding a ATV ? Someone will say that speed brings the most sensations. Some will advocate track racing or mud riding. Others will say that the most interesting thing is to ride in the dunes, participate in high-speed races, or just ride on the rear wheels. But don't forget about air. Nothing beats jumping, whether it's a small hillock, a huge diving board or a sand dune, nothing beats the feeling of free flight. If you have your own style, then you can impress your friends even more. How to do this, and stay safe and sound?
It goes without saying that the protective equipment is absolutely essential. We recommend a complete set of protective equipment, including boots, gloves, long pants, a helmet, goggles and possibly also a torso protector. It is quite obvious that any action in which you, along with a car weighing several hundred kilograms, fly up into the air, requires good protective equipment.
The very first thing to remember when jumping ATV - jump and land in such a way that the front wheels of your car are slightly higher than the rear. It is very important to keep the ATV in this position. When landing, the rear wheels should touch the ground before the front wheels. This will allow you to land softer than if only the front wheels first touched the ground, or all wheels at the same time.
Another basic rule when jumping is that the pilot must be standing at the moment of the jump, or at least raise his torso slightly from the seat. In addition to the shock absorbers of your ATV , you will also need to use your own feet as shock absorbers. If you continue to sit, you may be thrown out of the seat the moment the ATV hits the ground - the shock absorbers compress and then decompress. The secret to maintaining control is to allow the quad to move under you a little. Preparing to jump in a semi-standing position will allow you to quickly move your body forward, backward, or sideways to adjust the angle of your car.
The moment you and your ATV take off the ground, not everything can go as you expected. The springboard may turn out to be steeper than you thought at first glance. You can pull too hard on the steering wheel, or give it a little too much throttle, and your ATV will take on a more upright position than you intended. What to do in this case? First, try to shift your weight forward while pushing down on the handlebars. You also need to release the gas and apply the rear brakes. Yes, your brakes can help you even in the air. When the rear wheels suddenly stop spinning, the momentum moves to the front of the ATV, causing it to drop slightly. Use the clutch when applying the brakes so that the engine doesn't stall the moment you land. When you land with your front end too high, release the throttle and shift your body weight forward, and be prepared for the handlebars to jerk forward. All this is necessary so that you do not fly out through the handlebars and do not fall under the wheels of your own ATV. There are two main ways to give ATV the desired angle of inclination: using the position of the body and using the accelerator. As a general rule, when approaching the ramp, you need to shift your weight back a little to lighten the front of the quad. Adjust the throttle smoothly so that the ATV does not “nose down” after it takes off from the ground. If you feel like you're going too fast for a particular jump, brake before it, then release the brakes and hit the gas just before the jump.
Acceleration should not be too much, but not too little. For every ATV need practice and find the right spot. Therefore, you should always start with small jumps when you are riding a new or unfamiliar ATV for the first time.
Another problem may be that the rear of your ATV may jump up as you enter the ramp, causing your ATV to flip forward. This is the infamous "endo" - an accident that you must try to avoid at all costs. If you realize at the moment you leave the jump that your rear wheels are much higher than your front wheels, immediately shift your weight as far back as possible. At the same time, press the gas as far as possible. The sudden increase in rotation of the rear wheels will cause the front of the ATV to rotate slightly in the opposite direction. In other words, the rear of the car will drop a little, while the front will rise a little, which will increase your chances of landing in a more horizontal position.
Whatever it is, sometimes it does happen. For example, right before the jump, the left wheel hits some kind of obstacle, while the right one goes straight. ATV bounces and leans to the right in the air. In this case, you need to adjust your position in the air so that both rear wheels touch the ground at the same time. In this case, this can be done by moving your weight to the left. Here is another reason why it is better to stand up at the time of the jump than to continue to sit. It's much easier to shift your weight to your right or left foot when you're in a looser position. 9 Jump Technique0003 ATV strongly resembles the technique of jumping on a motocross bike. But there is one thing: unlike a motocross bike, an ATV driver must always keep an eye on the two rows of wheels of his car. In other words, the ATV must not be tilted at the moment it leaves the ski jump. Landing after such a jump can be very unpleasant for you, and most likely will damage the bridge of your ATV.
It may also happen that your ATV will turn a little while jumping. This is especially likely if you added a little extra gas before jumping. What to do in this case? First of all, point the front wheels in the direction that the quad would have been facing if you were jumping straight. Tilt your body in the opposite direction to where the rear end of the car turned, keep stepping on the gas and hold on tight. If you do everything right, usually the quad will have time to level off before the moment of landing.
When you see others jump several meters high, remember that they must have years of experience. Do not think that you can easily repeat the same maneuver just because you are riding the same ATV. If you're new to riding, be patient and practice more. The higher the ramp and the faster the speed, the more likely something will go wrong. There is nothing that can replace experience. Your skills and craftsmanship must first be worked out on small jumps.
The main thing to remember is the basic rules: always wear helmet and other protective equipment . See you on the track!.
Here are some more useful tips:
Never jump from a springboard that is higher than your skill!
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Stels ATVs have long conquered the expanses of Russian off-road. If you ask any quad rider what he likes most about this sport, you will most likely baffle him, it is so difficult to choose one from the whole host of sensations. Someone will remember the indescribable feeling of speed, someone likes riding in the mud, and someone loves to fly over the dunes. However, for many, jumping on a quad bike is the most exciting experience. ATV jumps vary from taking off a little on a random bump to flying off a springboard, but it's definitely one of those hard-to-forget-feelings, just as hard to forget any feeling of free-flying. After all, the heart stops even for those who simply watch the flight from the side.
However, in order for the thrills not to have tragic consequences, it is necessary to prepare not only yourself, but also your device before flying. How to ensure your safety when jumping?
It is clear that you should not go extreme without protective equipment, make sure that your body is protected as much as possible and at the same time the equipment must be of high quality to provide sufficient freedom of action. Try to get a complete set from boots to a helmet and goggles and be sure to protect your body well, because you will be in the air with a device weighing several centners, in case something goes wrong you will need reliable protection.
First of all, you need to remember the basics of jumping, namely that when taking off and landing, your front wheels should be slightly higher than the rear ones, and you need to keep the ATV in the air in such a position during the entire flight. Then the rear wheels will touch the ground on landing earlier than the front wheels, which will soften the impact when touching the ground. Landing on the front or all four wheels takes most of the impact on the ground, which is enough energy to throw you out of the saddle.
The second rule of extreme jumping is not to sit while jumping. You have to stand in the ATV, or at least raise yourself in the saddle, only then your legs will act as an additional shock absorber, helping to soften the impact. Otherwise, having taken a hit on the fulcrum, you can easily fly out of the saddle at the moment when, after compression, the shock absorbers are again unclenched. Allow the craft to move under you in flight, and by lifting yourself off the seat, you will have more freedom to move your body and balance, which will allow you to adjust the angle of the entire craft-racer system.
There are two ways to achieve the desired angle, controlling the position of the body and using the accelerator. When approaching the liftoff point, lean back to lighten the load on the front wheels, control the throttle smoothly, preventing the ATV from tilting forward after the liftoff. If you understand that the speed for the jump is too high, slow down slightly, and just before the takeoff, release the brakes and squeeze the gas. It is important to choose the right acceleration so that it is not too large and at the same time too small. In general, the choice is determined by many parameters and is usually selected individually by the rider for his ATV. That is why you can move on to ski jumping only after preliminary training on small jumps. This is especially important if you are riding this ATV for the first time, before going into sharp turns, experiment on small obstacles.
When jumping on a quad bike, you may find that not everything is going as it was originally intended, and you usually notice this when you take off from the ground. Your ski jump might actually be steeper than you thought, you might yank the handlebars too hard or add too much throttle and the quad will become vertical in the air. In this case, begin to shift your body weight forward by pushing down on the handlebars to lower the front wheels down. Release the gas and apply the rear brakes. Oddly enough, they can help you even if the wheels are no longer touching the ground. The fact is, stopping the rotation of the rear wheels causes inertia to lower the front wheels down. In order not to cut off the engine, do not forget about the traction when braking in the air. If you land with your front wheels up, slow down, shift your body weight forward, and be prepared for a sharp rudder jolt. One of the dangers in this case is to fly forward and get under the wheels of your own ATV.
If the rear wheels are up, shift the weight back and press the gas, this is one of the most dangerous situations that should be avoided as much as possible. However, if you do not get confused, you will be able to level the ATV in the air.
Remember that although jumping on an ATV is similar to jumping on a motorcycle, one of the main differences is the need to watch four wheels instead of two.
