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We are proud to offer international shipping services that currently operate in over 200 countries and islands world wide. Nothing means more to us than bringing our customers great value and service. We will continue to grow to meet the needs of all our customers, delivering a service beyond all expectation anywhere in the world.
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The generator is one of the main mechanisms of any ATV. During the operation of the ATV, it creates an electric current from the rotation of the crankshaft. During the operation of equipment, it is constantly in operation, so after long-term use there is a possibility of its breakdown.
All ATVs presented on the page https://sh.sh3011.ru/kvadrocikly/cforce-600-eps.html are powered by internal combustion engines. With the help of a powerful motor, the necessary cross-country ability and speed are provided. While the engine is running, the generator continuously generates electricity, which is used to power various electrical appliances and the ATV.
ATV alternator breakdowns are not uncommon, due to the constant operation of this unit. If there are problems with its functioning, there is usually a serious disruption in power generation. If this happens, then you can independently check the main elements of the entire system. To carry out verification work, you can use a conventional multimeter. Everything must be done in the following sequence:
ATV alternator repair procedure involves replacing it because this unit is rarely repaired.
Repairing an ATV alternator is a complex process, so ATV owners most often just replace it with a new unit. The disassembly process includes the following steps:
This completes the dismantling work. Installation of a new unit is carried out using the same tools, only in reverse order. When installing the right engine cover, a new gasket must be installed. If it is not there, then it is best to coat the surfaces to be joined with sealant to prevent moisture from penetrating into the mechanism. On the site https://sh.sh3011.ru/ you can learn more about the features of repairing ATVs and checking the operation of the main components and assemblies.
Picture: browsecat.net
From time to time, in one or another film, an interesting device flickers, which allows you to turn off in a split second: all electronics in the vicinity, the light in the whole city, “defeat all the robots at once” and etc.
etc. Yes, we will talk about the "mythical" electromagnetic pulse generator. But how real is it really?
And for starters, these films: for example, the same film "Ocean's Eleven", in which, with the help of a similar generator, the lights are turned off in the whole city:
As the penetration of electronics into our lives increases every day, humanity becomes more and more dependent on the electronic environment, which, in turn, has a critical weakness in the form of dependence on electromagnetic radiation.
And it didn't start yesterday - even at the time of the appearance of the very first telephone lines, magnetic storms caused interference in the lines, most of which were located above the ground. For example, American farmers of the 19th century, to save wires, used barbed wire as telephone lines, enclosing cattle pens, directly through which a telephone signal was launched.
And such overhead lines were particularly susceptible to interference resulting from magnetic disturbances.
Currently, this problem is largely leveled, since telephone lines usually run underground.
But let's get back to our generator. Already in the 20th century, quite by accident, during the testing of atomic weapons, powerful electromagnetic radiation accompanying it was revealed, the influence of which was noted even at distances of hundreds of kilometers from the point of explosion.
Over time, scientists began to study this issue purposefully and it became clear that a nuclear explosion is not an ideal candidate for the role of an electromagnetic pulse generator - the environment is too polluted, the energy of atomic decay or fusion is only to a small extent converted into electromagnetic radiation (up to 5% of energy explosion).
To this day there is no compact repository of such radiation. Therefore, all more or less efficient generators represent one or another way of converting energy, as a rule, the energy of an explosion, into electromagnetic radiation of the appropriate power and frequency, since it is explosives that can store sufficient energy in a compressed volume, which can be sharply released into limited amount and in a very short time.
Regardless of the specific design, the principle of operation of such devices is based on the so-called "flux compression", which allows you to create very powerful magnetic fields in microseconds.
Academician Sakharov was one of the scientists who worked on a similar problem. His generator is a coil of copper rod that is surrounded by an explosive. The coil is connected to a powerful capacitor bank.
The device works as follows: the battery supplies the accumulated charge to the coil, after the magnetic flux has reached a maximum, the charge is undermined, which compresses the coil from the outside with great pressure, which leads to the locking of the magnetic field inside the coil, after which the entire system continues to shrink, reducing the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation, while simultaneously increasing its intensity.
As a rule, such a device turns out to be quite compact, so it is even called "electromagnetic pulse generator for the poor" .
However, such a name should not be misleading - despite its simplicity, the device is very effective, since the current in the pulse can reach millions of amperes and the pulse itself can develop a power of tens of terawatts. Such power develops due to a decrease in the cross section of the system, which in turn increases the induction and current in the device.
For the device to be effective enough, the compression of the field to the maximum value must occur in approximately a period of time equal to 10 to the minus ninth power of seconds.
The first studies of such devices in the Soviet Union were carried out in the fifties of the XX century.
The Americans also carried out similar research at the Los Alamos laboratory, which resulted in devices like the one shown below.
Image: archive.is
The installation of the device was a copper tube filled with fast explosive. The shock wave propagated in the device from one end to the other, as shown in the figure.
To prevent undesirable (too fast) destruction, the device was either cast in concrete or wrapped with fiberglass and filled with epoxy.
A high-voltage Marx battery was used for the initial start of the electromagnetic flux. The expanding shock wave gradually closes the coil from the outside, locking the current inside the remaining turns, and compresses the magnetic field. In this case, the maximum impulse is generated almost before the complete destruction of the device itself. In this case, peak currents reach values of tens of megaamperes and energies of tens of megajoules. A typical spread in the output current values (depending on the size and design of the device) is 10-1000 times the current that is recorded during normal natural lightning strikes.
If in some way we try to generalize the values of the energy that can be stored in such a chemical-electromagnetic storage, then it can be roughly characterized as 100 J/g. A number of experiments with similar generators have shown the achievement of currents up to 250 megaamperes and an impulse energy of more than 1 megajoule.
As such a device can be called a flat generator:
When tested with a volume of explosive weighing 1 kg, the power was 100,000,000,000 watts, the energy was about 1 megajoule and the current strength was 14 megaamperes. The weight of the generator did not exceed 10 kg. It was on this generator that a magnetic field was obtained, the induction force of which was about 2500 Tesla.
Those who are interested in reading more about this generator can read the following monographs:
Another type of flat generator is the so-called coaxial generator, which is arranged in almost the same way, only a cylinder acts as a compressible object, inside of which a metal rod is placed. There are 2 variations of such a generator, in the first of which the current flows only through the outer cylinder, and in the second version the inner rod is also involved.
Picture: vk.com
Such a generator made it possible to obtain very high pulse rates - the current was about 250 megaamperes and the energy reached about 30 megajoules.
The problem of Sakharov's generator and similar generators considered above was that the force of counteraction of the magnetic field trapped in the mechanical coil at some stage became so great that further compression was impossible: the compression process stopped and the coil was destroyed, and not by external explosive, as one might think, but the internal magnetic field of the coil.
This led to the need for further research on this issue, since it was found that in order to maximize the efficiency of converting the energy of an explosive into electromagnetic radiation, it is necessary to compress the magnetic field even more, about 1000 times more than in the generator that Sakharov proposed!
What was the impetus for the further evolution of the generator, in which no longer a physical coil compresses the field, but a shock wave was used, moving right inside the substance.
For this, the following design was developed:
The device consists of a plastic sphere containing an explosive, with a cesium iodide crystal in the center of the explosive. The crystal is installed in such a way that metal cones approach it from both sides, which conduct the magnetic field from permanent magnets.
The operation of the device is as follows: the entire surface of the plastic sphere is covered with a complex network of grooves made by ultra-precise CNC milling and filled with an explosive with a high detonation velocity stability. Their main purpose is to make the detonation spread over the entire sphere inside the grooves, which, in turn, caused a simultaneous, from all sides, detonation of the main substance in the center. Each groove ends with a hole through which the detonation from the groove is transmitted to the main explosive charge in the center (a sphere with these holes looks like it is covered on all sides with a bunch of holes. Like a ball-strainer for brewing tea).
The purpose of this whole undertaking is to create the most spherical pressure wave converging to the center - right to the crystal. Why exactly cesium iodide: it was found that the shock wave in a solid body, the most spherical shape, is achieved precisely in single crystals of this type.
Since the density of the crystal itself is significantly greater than the gaseous products of the explosion, excess pressure accumulates on the surface of the crystal, which can exceed a value of one million atmospheres. After a certain threshold moment, the spherical pressure wave starts moving inside the crystal with great speed, simultaneously from all sides. On the way of its passage, the crystal as such ceases to exist, disintegrating into an atomic form.
By the way, this very moment explains why the shock wave compresses the magnetic field: behind its front, the substance of the atomic state has almost metallic conductivity! And we can say that in fact, compression occurs, relatively speaking, with a “metal ball”.
At the final stage of compression, the size of the field locked inside the crystal is only one-thousandth of what it was originally.
The shock spherical wave, compressed into a point, stops and starts the reverse movement, releasing the field locked inside. It was not possible to find exact figures for the effectiveness of such a design, but since it exceeds the efficiency of the apparatus designed by Academician Sakharov, it should be assumed that the numbers will be more than impressive!
If we try to compare previous designs and a newer type with shock wave propagation inside matter, then a clear plus of electromagnetic pulse generators with magnetic flux compression by a physical device (liner) is a much simpler device, good repeatability of results and high reliability (this is becoming good it is understandable if we remember the complexity of the device with a shock wave in a solid body, where only ultra-precise milling of a sphere is worth something!This is clearly not a mass device.
