Following a recent incident, the Health and Safety Authority (HSA) is issuing an urgent warning to owners, plant operators and tyre fitters with regard to the handling and repair of multipiece or split rim wheels.
Split rim wheels are different from standard one piece wheels. Spilt rims are multi-piece wheels, where the tyre is held in place by a locking ring. Split rims are not normally used on cars or light vehicles. They are however found on a number of larger vehicle types. This type of wheel configuration is commonly associated with lorries, tractors, forklifts, and other heavy vehicles used in the construction and mining sectors.
A failure to put in place the necessary safety control measures when working with split rim and multi piece wheels can give rise to serious hazards, as there is a risk of failure of the multipiece wheels. Failure of multipiece (Split Rim) wheels can result in violent separation, the explosive release of high pressure air and the ejection of component parts. The rapid release of explosive force from a ruptured tyre / tube or violent separation of the component parts of the wheel can result in serious injuries including fatalities.
Machine owners should familiarise themselves with the type of tyre / wheel assembly fitted to their equipment and ensure that machine operators and maintenance personnel are aware of the necessary safety control measures that they must put in place to eliminate/reduce the risk of serious injury arising from the hazards of working with multi-piece wheels.
One wheel from a dual multi piece wheel fitted to an excavator
A dual multi piece assembly on an excavator
See also HSA “Safety Alert for Large Tyre Inflation" available here.
February 2016
Authors
Minnesota Department of Health
Source
Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, FACE 92MN008, 1992 Sep; :1-4
NIOSHTIC No.
20027359
Abstract
A 32-year-old male owner of a heavy equipment maintenance business (victim) died as a result of injuries he received when the split rim of a test roller's tire exploded as he attempted to remove the wheel.
He was struck by the exploding unit and thrown approximately 45 feet. He had no training or experience with this type of split rim tire and used no protective equipment except for ear muffs during the procedure. The repairman was subcontracted to repair a wheel of the test roller which was rubbing against the concrete weights. It was necessary to remove the wheel and tire from the axle to facilitate repair. The victim removed inappropriate bolts on the split rim which resulted in the unintentional dismantling of it, when he apparently only intended to remove hub nuts to remove the wheel. MN FACE investigators concluded that, in order to prevent similar occurrences, the following guidelines should be followed: 1. manufacturer instructions and warnings should be consulted prior to removing split rim tires to ensure that proper nuts and bolts are removed to avoid unintentional dismantling; 2. only personnel familiar with and trained in controlling the hazards of split rim-mounted tires should attempt to remove them from equipment; and 3.
split rim and axle bolts on wheels should be incompatible so split rims are identified from axles and require two different tools to remove the different bolts.
Keywords
Region-5; Accident-analysis; Accident-prevention; Accidents; Injuries; Injury-prevention; Traumatic-injuries; Work-operations; Work-analysis; Work-areas; Work-performance; Work-practices; Safety-education; Safety-equipment; Safety-measures; Safety-monitoring; Protective-measures; Protective-equipment; Equipment-reliability; Personal-protection; Personal-protective-equipment
Publication Date
19920923
Document Type
Field Studies; Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation
Funding Type
Cooperative Agreement
Fiscal Year
1992
NTIS Accession No.
PB2012-112904
NTIS Price
A01
Identifying No.
FACE-92MN008; Cooperative-Agreement-Number-U60-CCU-507283
SIC Code
NAICS-81
Source Name
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
State
MN; WV
Performing Organization
Minnesota Department of Health
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In the middle-end of autumn, car owners storm tire shops.
However, you can disassemble the wheels yourself. We'll show you how to do it. We will need a special tool, as well as a screwdriver to unscrew the wheel valve, and a couple of pliers to help remove the tire from the rim.
To rid the rim of the tire, we bought a simple but very useful device - a mechanical wheel beader. There are several options on the market, but we chose the one produced by the Sorokin company. It is inexpensive. Thanks to the ability to adjust the retractable linkage, tires can be removed from discs of different diameters. You only need to select the desired position of the rod and tighten the two bolts holding it, after which you can start working.
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We took a 16-inch wheel. It is more convenient to remove the tire if you put it on the floor.
In order not to scratch the aluminum disc during work, we will place a sheet of foamed polyurethane under it, which is used in construction for sound and heat insulation. We unscrew the cap on the valve, holding it with a finger, unscrew the spool so that it does not pop out under air pressure. The tire starts to deflate.
Before carrying out work with the help of a special tool, it is necessary to moisten the working edge of the disc with a penetrating liquid. Otherwise, we risk damaging the disk. Also, the liquid, having seeped under the edge, will facilitate the removal of the wheel from the humps.
We apply our device to the disk. Its hook in this case should protrude from the mandrel by 7–8 cm. For reference, this is one hole on the retractable rod. With a hand, we press on the device from one side so that it goes under the protrusion of the disk, and we wind the hook under the disk from the opposite side. We spread the levers of the device in different directions.
The main thing is not to try to throw off the tire immediately, but to move it off the hump gradually. Otherwise, the tire may be damaged. Please note that the device should not be inserted near the wheel valve.
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Pulling out and moving the tool, slowly move the tire off the hump around the entire circumference. You can hold the side of the flight attendant, where there is no hook, with your foot. Having removed the tire on one side, turn the wheel over and do the same work on the other. Don't forget about lubrication. By the way, it is not necessary to use a liquid, a silicone composition is also suitable.
We removed the tire from each side of the humps. It remains to take mounting blades and completely remove the tire from the disk. We process the belt with penetrating lubricant. It is advisable to get on the inside of the rim, this will make things easier.
We start the first blade under the tire. It is convenient to do this in the area of the wheel valve. We take the assembly aside in advance so as not to damage it during work. Hold the mount with your foot. We insert a second spatula next to it and lift the edge of the tire with it. We do this along the entire inner circle, also gradually. We removed the tire from one side of the disc, it remains to do the same on the other. We turn the wheel. We wind the blade behind the disk and begin to remove it from the tire. As soon as we succeeded, we can consider that the work is over.
Taking apart the wheels yourself is easier than you think. The main thing is to stock up on the right tool and free time, as well as take into account the characteristics of rubber.
Please send all questions and suggestions regarding the Technical Environment series to: [email protected].
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These tips will help you change tires properly. We will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of replacing the basic rubber sizes with alternative ones.
Tires are replaced in several cases, for example:
The most important criteria to consider when changing tires:
1. For tire replacement, refer to the manufacturer's recommended tire size (Manufacturer's recommended tire sizes and pressures can be found next to the fuel tank or on the door sills).
2. Vehicle manufacturers allow wheel outer diameter variations ranging from 2% to 3.
5%. Thus, if it is necessary to install discs of a larger diameter, the ratio of the width to the height of the profile should be reduced in order for the absolute dimensions of the wheel to change within the normal range.
3. Also, before making changes to the chassis design of your car, you should remember that the manufacturer guarantees the appropriate running parameters of the vehicle, provided that the basic wheel sizes are used.
Benefits when fitted with larger tires:
Disadvantages when choosing larger tires:
In order to calculate the range of possible interchangeable sizes, it is necessary to know the allowable nominal and actual dimensions of the wheel diameter as a whole. Wheel replacement options for your car can be found in the next section of the website , or calculated using a special formula below:
1. Basic (recommended) outer diameter of the wheel
2. Nominal rim diameter
3. Difference (subtract the nominal rim diameter from the outer diameter)
4. Add an average of 3% to the difference, we get the required value of the nominal tolerance.
Reducing the size of the rim
The installation of smaller wheels, motorists resort mainly in winter. The calculation applies the same principles as discussed in the formula above. However, it is worth checking the compatibility of the size of the brake disc, caliper in relation to the smaller rim. There is an opinion that a smaller wheel width contributes to better traction in winter, since it provides more pressure per square centimeter of the contact patch.
And finally, remember that the declared technical characteristics of the car specified by the manufacturer are true, provided that the recommended wheel and tire sizes are used.
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